Julie McLaughlin
Taking a Sudanese tyrant to court
All the opposition groups in Darfur celebrated when the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court announced on July 14 that he was seeking the indictment of Sudan’s President Omar al Bashir on the charge of genocide but almost everybody else had a problem with it. They don’t doubt that Bashir is a ruthless dictator who is guilty of ordering many thousands of deaths. They just think that putting him on an international “wanted” list is unwise.
Tanzanian foreign minister Bernard Membe speaking on behalf of the African Union said: “We are asking for the ICC to re-examine its decision…. If you arrest Bashir you will create a leadership vacuum in Sudan. The outcome could be equal to that of Iraq.” Membe and many other people fear that the indictment of Bashir far from ending the conflict in Darfur could reignite the much bigger civil war between northern and southern Sudan.
Andrew Natsios the former U.S. special envoy for Sudan was equally worried that the ICC was playing with fire: “This indictment may well shut off the last remaining hope for a peaceful settlement [for Darfur].” United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon phoned Bashir personally to assure him that the ICC is quite separate from the UN. In Khartoum there was defiance from Bashir personally but also warnings from opposition leaders that this was not a good idea.
The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) which led the predominantly African and Christian south of the country in the 22-year civil war was emphatically not for rocking the boat right now. An SPLM spokesman said that “indicting (Omar al-Bashir) has created a dangerous situation in Sudan threatening peace and stability in the country.” What is at stake in the SPLM’s view is the 2005 peace deal that gave the south its autonomy and promised elections for next year in which the south could choose independence from the mainly Muslim and Arabic-speaking north if it wants. The election might also bring democracy to Sudan (or to the two halves if they separate) after 19 years of Bashir’s dictatorship.
An estimated two million people died in the north-south civil war compared to perhaps 200000 in the past five years in Darfur. Nobody wants to go back to that and with oil revenues starting to build up both the northern and the southern political elites have every incentive to make the deal work.
Sudan is in the midst of a difficult but still promising transition but it may not succeed if Bashir’s only choices are to live as a hunted criminal facing arrest and trial on genocide charges or to cling to power forever. More immediately his indictment could wreck the possibility of a peace deal to end the war in Darfur so most of the northern opposition parties opposed the ICC’s action too.
That is irrelevant to the International Criminal Court however because it is not a political organization. It is a court and courts operate by different rules. It may be politically inconvenient to indict Bashir right now but as the prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo of Argentina said last week “I don’t have the luxury to look away. I have the evidence.”
Moreno-Ocampo and the three judges (Ghanaian Lithuanian and Brazilian) who must now decide whether or not to indict Bashir and the whole ICC are quite rightly barred from taking political considerations into account. They are there to administer the laws.
The law in question is the new international law that seeks to make even senior military and political leaders legally responsible for genocide crimes against humanity and war crimes. Since such people are unlikely to face legal action in their own countries which are generally tyrannies of one sort or another it must be done at the international level. Hence the creation of the ICC in 2002.
It is important that Sudan finally gets peace and prosperity after endless years of war tyranny and poverty. It is even more important that leaders who commit genocide crimes against humanity and war crimes know that they will have to answer to an international court. In the end these two goals are probably not irreconcilable. Or do you really think that Sudan’s political elites are so stupid and supine that they will let their whole future be wrecked in order to protect one brutal blood-stained general who has long outlived his usefulness?
Gwynne Dyer is a London-based independent journalist whose articles are published in 45 countries.
